Alberta oil sands systems guide

How oil sands mining creates tailings

After bitumen recovery, large volumes of sand, fine clay, water and residual bitumen remain as tailings.

TailingsMining

Editorial review: August 11, 2026 · Colin T. Ashcombe

Process role

Coarse sand settles more readily while fine clay can remain fluid much longer.

How the system fits together

Water recovered from tailings is reused in the extraction process.

Environmental and reclamation context

The remaining fluid tailings and process-affected water are among the sector’s largest long-term reclamation liabilities.

What to keep in mind

Tailings treatment has improved management, but accumulated volumes and long timelines remain real challenges.

High-level industrial education only. Oil sands mines, thermal wells, extraction plants, upgraders and tailings facilities are hazardous regulated operations; this site does not provide operating setpoints, chemical recipes or equipment procedures.